UNDERSTANDING CAVITIES AND THEIR CAUSES

Dental cavities, also known as dental caries, develop due to a combination of factors such as oral bacteria, sugary diets, and inadequate oral hygiene. Plaque, a sticky biofilm, forms on tooth surfaces when bacteria feed on sugars and produce acids that erode enamel, leading to decay. Frequent consumption of sugary or acidic foods accelerates cavity formation, while poor oral hygiene allows plaque buildup and tartar formation, increasing the risk of gum disease and decay. Additionally, reduced saliva production caused by medications or health conditions limits the mouth’s ability to neutralize acids and remineralize enamel, further contributing to cavity development.

TYPES AND SYMPTOMS OF CAVITIES

Cavities can occur in various forms and stages, each presenting different symptoms. Common indicators of cavities include toothaches, sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods, visible holes or pits, bad breath, and pus around the affected tooth. Cavities are classified based on their location and severity:



• Smooth Surface Cavities: Occur on the flat surfaces of teeth due to plaque buildup. They progress slowly and are easier to detect during dental check-ups.
• Pit and Fissure Cavities: Form in the grooves of molars and premolars, where food particles accumulate, increasing cavity risk.
• Root Cavities: Develop on tooth roots, typically in patients with gum recession or periodontal disease. These cavities progress quickly due to the softer nature of root surfaces.
• Coronal Cavities: The most common type, occurring on the visible part of the tooth. They can extend deeper into the tooth structure if untreated.
• Recurrent Cavities: Develop around existing fillings, crowns, or other restorations due to material breakdown or bacterial accumulation.
• Baby Bottle Tooth Decay: Affects infants and toddlers due to prolonged exposure to sugary liquids, commonly affecting the upper front teeth.